Canna is a genus only in Cannaceae family. As the family has almost universally been recognized by the taxonomists. APG II system of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998) also recognizes the family, and give to the sequence in commelinids Zingiberales clade, the monocot.
Species that are large, attractive leaves and horticulturists have turned it into a large flowering garden plants and bright. Instead, it is one of world's richest source of starch, and the agricultural crops.
Although tropical plants, most of the cultivars have been developed in temperate climates and grows easily in most countries of the world as long as they can enjoy at least 6-8 hours of sunlight on average during the summer. See gallery for photos cultivar Canna Canna cultivars.
Canna name comes from the Celtic word for a cane or reed.
Plants are large perennial plants of tropical and subtropical with rhizomatous rootstock. Leaves broad, flat, alternate, who like the features of this plant, growing from the trunk in a long narrow roll and then unfurl. The leaves are usually solid green but some cultivars have glaucose, brown, maroon, or even leaf variety.
The flowers consist of three sepals and three petals which are rarely noticed by the people, they are small and hidden under extravagant stamens. What seems petals are highly modified stamens or staminodes. The number of staminodes (1 -) .. (3 -4) (with at least one member staminodal called labellum, always present a special staminode, stamen, bears pollen from anther-half A somewhat narrower, 'petal' is the pistil which is connected to an ovary of three chambers.
The flowers are usually red, orange, or yellow or a combination of colors, and collected in a inflorescence a spike or panicle (thyrses). Although gardeners enjoy the odd flowers, nature really intended them to attract pollinators collecting nectar and pollen, like bees, hummingbirds and bats. Pollination mechanism is specially striking. Pollen is shed in style while still in bud, and in the beginning of some species and hybrids are also found in anther stigma of being a high position, which means that they are self-pollinating. Then cultivars have lower anther, and depend on pollinators landed on the labellum and touch the stigma first terminal, and then pollen.
Wild species often grow at least 2-3 m (from 6.6 to 9.8 feet) in height but there is wide variation in size among cultivated plants;. Many cultivars have been selected for smaller stature
Canna grow from swollen underground stem, correctly known as rhizomes, which store starch, and this is the main attraction of the crop for agriculture, has the largest starch particles of all plant life.
Canna is the only member of the Class Liliopsida (monocot families) where seed hibernation is known to occur, because the hard seeds, including impenetrable.
The genus is derived from tropical and subtropical New World, the United States from the south (southern South Carolina west to southern Texas) and south to northern Argentina.
Although all cannas are native to the New World, they have followed the journey of human discovery and some species are cultivated and naturalized in most tropical regions and sub-tropical.
Canna cultivars grown in most countries, even those with territory in the upper Arctic Circle, which have short summers but long days, and rapid growth rate of gardening plant Cannas make them eligible, provided they receive 6-8 hours sunshine every day during the growing season and are protected from the winter.
Cannas first introduced to Europe by C. indica L., which was imported from East Indies, although the species originated from America. Charles de l Ecluse, who first described and sketched C. indica shows the origins of this, and stated that it was given the name of indica, not for plants from India, in Asia, but because this species was originally transported from America: "Quia ex America delata quaeritur sit";. and at that moment, one describing the tropics of the world as the West Indies
Banyak kemudian, pada 1658, Pison dijadikan acuan untuk spesies lain yang didokumentasikan di bawah vulgar atau nama umum dari 'Albara' dan 'Pacivira', yang tinggal, katanya, di tempat yang teduh dan lembab, antara daerah tropis; jenis ini Canna angustifolia L., (kemudian direklasifikasi sebagai C. glauca L. oleh ahli taksonomi).
Without exception, all Canna species that have been introduced to Europe can be traced back to America, and can assert with confidence that Canna is solely an American genus. If Asia and Africa to provide some initial introduction, they were only varieties resulting from C. indica and C. glauca cultivars that have been growing for a long time in India and Africa, with both types imported from Central and South America. Canna is a genus of America, as indicated by Lamarck in which he argued that "Cannas are not known to our ancestors, and that only after the discovery of the New World, that they make their appearance in Europe; Since Canna has a cover seeds are hard and durable, the possibility that seeds survive in the right conditions and was found by archaeologists in the Old World If land from India or Africa has produced some of them. they would have been imported before the 1860s into the European gardens.
* Some species and cultivars are widely planted in many parks in the region is temperate and sub-tropical. Sometimes, they also grow as a potted plant. A large number of ornamental cultivars were developed. They can be used in herbaceous borders, tropical plantings, and as a patio or decking plant.
* International, cannas are one of the most popular garden plants and large horticultural industry depends on the plant.
* The canna rhizome rich in starch, and has many uses in agriculture. All plants have commercial value, rhizomes for starch (consumption by humans and livestock), stems and leaves for fodder, young shoots as a vegetable and the young seed as an addition to tortillas.
* Seeds used as beads in jewelry.
* The seeds are used as elements to move from kayamb, musical instrument from Réunion, as well as hosho it, pumpkin rattle from Zimbabwe, where seeds are known as seed 'Hota'.
* In the more remote areas in India, cannas are fermented to produce alcohol.
* Plants produce fiber - from the trunk - used as a substitute for hemp.
* A fiber obtained from the leaf used to make paper. The leaves are harvested in late summer after the plant has flowered, they are scraped to remove the outer skin and then soaked in water for 2 hours prior to cooking. The fiber is cooked for 24 h with lye and then beaten in a jar. They make a brown paper brown.
* A purple dye obtained from the seed.
* Smoke from burning leaves is said to insecticides.
* Cannas are used to extract many undesirable pollutants in wetland environments because they have a high tolerance of contaminants.
* In Thailand, Cannas are a traditional gift for Father's Day.
* In Vietnam, called dong riềng and canna starch noodles used to make plastics, known as Mien dong.
0 comments:
Post a Comment